Python实现拼字游戏的挑战
这是一个拼字的小游戏，也不能说是游戏吧，反正就是一个看上去好玩的东西，下面就是它的说明。
写一个Python脚本，以拼字游戏作为命令行参数的脚本和 打印所有有效的拼字，可以由这个脚本，连同他们的拼的字按照分数列出来，示例调用和输出为一下内容
$ python scrabble.py ZAEFIEE
17 feeze
17 feaze
16 faze
15 fiz
15 fez
12 zee
12 zea
11 za
6 fie
6 fee
6 fae
5 if
5 fe
5 fa
5 ef
2 ee
2 ea
2 ai
2 ae
URL = http://wiki.openhatch.org/Scrabble_challenge
这上面有具体的要求和步骤：有兴趣的可以好好看看，里面说明了要实现什么样的功能，以及分析每一步都需要做什么，然后你可以根据他的问题自己实现这个功能。
准备工作
1、 word list
” http://courses.cms.caltech.edu/cs11/material/advjava/lab1/sowpods.zip contains all words in the official SOWPODS word list, one word per line. “
要有一个源文件也就是word list，下面给出了这个word list 的下载地址。
文件里面的单词我大概截取了一小小小部分，大概是这个样子的
AA
AAH
AAHED
AAHING
AAHS
AAL
AALII
AALIIS
AALS
AARDVARK
AARDVARKS
AARDWOLF
AARDWOLVES
AARGH
AARRGH
AARRGHH
AARTI
AARTIS
AAS
AASVOGEL
AASVOGELS
AB
ABA
ABAC
ABACA
ABACAS
ABACI
2、 letters and values （字母和值）
” Here is a dictionary containing all letters and their Scrabble values “
内容如下：
scores = {"a": 1, "c": 3, "b": 3, "e": 1, "d": 2, "g": 2,
"f": 4, "i": 1, "h": 4, "k": 5, "j": 8, "m": 3,
"l": 1, "o": 1, "n": 1, "q": 10, "p": 3, "s": 1,
"r": 1, "u": 1, "t": 1, "w": 4, "v": 4, "y": 4,
"x": 8, "z": 10}
解决问题
第一步 construct a word list
” Write the code to open and read the sowpods word file. Create a list, where each element is a word in the sowpods word file. Note that each line in the file ends in a newline, which you’ll need to remove from the word. “
大概就是说
写代码来打开并且读 sowpods Word 文件。创建一个列表，其中每个元素都是 sowpods Word 文件里面的单词。请注意，我们需要删除在文件里面的每一个换行符。
具体的步骤请参考上面的链接。
# 以小写的形式读出来，并且去除换行符
def get_word_to_list(file_name):
word_list = []
with open(file_name, 'r') as f:
for line in f:
lines = line.lower()
word_list.append(lines.strip('\n'))
return word_list
第二步 get the rack
” Write the code to get the Scrabble rack (the letters available to make words) from the command line argument passed to your script. For example if your script were called scrabble_cheater.py, if you ran python scrabble_cheater.py RSTLNEI, RSTLNEI would be the rack. Handle the case where a a user forgets to supply a rack; in this case, print an error message saying they need to supply some letters, and then exit the program using the exit() function. Make sure you are consistent about capitalization “
说白了就是运行脚本的后面要加上你要操作的单词作为参数，如果没有就打印错误信息，并且退出。
def get_argument_word(word_list):
if len(sys.argv) == 2:
rack = sys.argv[1]
lower_word = rack.lower()
c = coll.Counter(lower_word)
return [word for word in word_list if not (coll.Counter(word) - c)]
else:
print('Usage: scrabble_change.py ABC')
sys.exit()
第三步 find valid words
“Write the code to find all words from the word list that are made of letters that are a subset of the rack letters. There are many ways to do this, but here’s one way that is easy to reason about and is fast enough for our purposes: go through every word in the word lishe word in a valid_words list. Make sure you handle repeat letters: once a letter from the rack has been used, it can’t be used again.”
写的代码要查找所有单词表里面的单词，这些单词都是由字母构成的，然后检查每一个单词表里面符合的单词，确定重复的字母，一旦这个字母被用到了，就不会再次被用到。
第四步 scoring
“Write the code to determine the Scrabble scores for each valid word, using the scores dictionary from above.”
写代码 用上面的成绩字典 来确定每个有效词的拼字游戏的分数。
def get_scores(words):
word_dic = coll.defaultdict(int)
scores = {"a": 1, "c": 3, "b": 3, "e": 1, "d": 2, "g": 2,
"f": 4, "i": 1, "h": 4, "k": 5, "j": 8, "m": 3,
"l": 1, "o": 1, "n": 1, "q": 10, "p": 3, "s": 1,
"r": 1, "u": 1, "t": 1, "w": 4, "v": 4, "y": 4,
"x": 8, "z": 10}
for word in words:
for s in word:
word_dic[word] += scores[s]
return word_dic
##完整代码
# !/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
from __future__ import print_function
import sys
import collections as coll
# lower
def get_word_to_list(file_name):
word_list = []
with open(file_name, 'r') as f:
for line in f:
lines = line.lower()
word_list.append(lines.strip('\n'))
return word_list
def get_argument_word(word_list):
if len(sys.argv) == 2:
rack = sys.argv[1]
lower_word = rack.lower()
c = coll.Counter(lower_word)
return [word for word in word_list if not (coll.Counter(word) - c)]
else:
print('Usage: scrabble_change.py ABC')
sys.exit()
def get_scores(words):
word_dic = coll.defaultdict(int)
scores = {"a": 1, "c": 3, "b": 3, "e": 1, "d": 2, "g": 2,
"f": 4, "i": 1, "h": 4, "k": 5, "j": 8, "m": 3,
"l": 1, "o": 1, "n": 1, "q": 10, "p": 3, "s": 1,
"r": 1, "u": 1, "t": 1, "w": 4, "v": 4, "y": 4,
"x": 8, "z": 10}
for word in words:
for s in word:
word_dic[word] += scores[s]
return word_dic
# def get_scores(*args):
# dict_set1 = {}
# if 'key' not in dict_set1:
# dict_set1['key'] = set()
# scores = {"a": 1, "c": 3, "b": 3, "e": 1, "d": 2, "g": 2,
# "f": 4, "i": 1, "h": 4, "k": 5, "j": 8, "m": 3,
# "l": 1, "o": 1, "n": 1, "q": 10, "p": 3, "s": 1,
# "r": 1, "u": 1, "t": 1, "w": 4, "v": 4, "y": 4,
# "x": 8, "z": 10}
# for word in args:
# for s in word:
# total_scores += scores[s]
# return total_scores, word
def main():
word_list = get_word_to_list('sowpods.txt')
valid_words = get_argument_word(word_list)
d = get_scores(valid_words)
for key, val in sorted(d.items(), key=lambda item: item[1], reverse=True):
print(val, key)
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
解决几处问题：
def get_word_to_list(file_name):
word_list = []
with open(file_name, 'r') as f:
for line in f:
lines = line.lower()
word_list.append(lines.strip('\n'))
return word_list
上面的代码是把文件里面的单词全部转换为小写读到数组里面，但是文件很大，比如我只需要列出几个或者几十个单词，并不需要把所有的单词都列出来
像这样
$ python scrabble.py ZAEFIEE
17 feeze
17 feaze
16 faze
15 fiz
15 fez
12 zee
12 zea
11 za
6 fie
6 fee
6 fae
5 if
5 fe
5 fa
5 ef
2 ee
2 ea
2 ai
2 ae
所以，可以改正一下，就是把输出的单词全部以小写的形式表现出来。
更改一番
# !/usr/bin/python
#-*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
from __future__ import print_function
import sys
from collections import Counter
scores = {"a": 1, "c": 3, "b": 3, "e": 1, "d": 2, "g": 2,
"f": 4, "i": 1, "h": 4, "k": 5, "j": 8, "m": 3,
"l": 1, "o": 1, "n": 1, "q": 10, "p": 3, "s": 1,
"r": 1, "u": 1, "t": 1, "w": 4, "v": 4, "y": 4,
"x": 8, "z": 10}
def get_word_list(file_name):
word_list = []
with open(file_name) as f:
for line in f:
word_list.append(line.strip('\n'))
return word_list
def get_valid_words(word_list, rack):
c = Counter(rack)
return [ word for word in word_list if not (Counter(word) - c) ]
def lower_valid_words(words):
return [ word.lower() for word in words ]
def get_scores(words):
d = {}
for word in words:
d[word] = sum(scores[c] for c in word)
return d
def main():
if len(sys.argv) != 2:
raise SystemExit('Usage: scrabble_change.py RACK')
rack = sys.argv[1]
word_list = get_word_list('sowpods.txt')
valid_words = get_valid_words(word_list, rack.upper())
valid_words = lower_valid_words(valid_words)
d = get_scores(valid_words)
for val, key in sorted(zip(d.values(), d.keys()), reverse=True):
print(val, key)
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()